| Polar Angle: | (θ) |
| Wave Length: | (λ) |
| Difference Phase of two Elements: | (β) |
| Distance between each two Elements: | |
| Number of Elements in Array: | N |
| Array Factor: | |
AF = [ ( Sin (N×φ / 2 ) / ( Sin (φ / 2 ) ]
The k = 2π / λ, φ = ( k×d×Cos θ) + β.
Antenna array (electromagnetic) for transmitting and/or receiving radio waves, it uses electromagnetic wave interference to enhance the radiative signal.